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1955 Exhibition Mounted at New Yorkã¢ââ¢s Museum of Modern Art

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Coordinates: 40°45′41.viii″Northward 73°58′39.4″West  /  40.761611°N 73.977611°W  / 40.761611; -73.977611

Art museum in Manhattan, New York City

Museum of Modernistic Art
Museum of Modern Art logo.svg
MoMa NY USA 1.jpg
Established November 7, 1929; 92 years ago  (1929-11-07)
Location 11 West 53rd Street
Manhattan, New York Urban center
Type Art museum
Visitors 706,060 (2020)[i]
Managing director Glenn D. Lowry
Public transit access Subway: Fifth Avenue/53rd Street ("E" train​"M" train trains)
Charabanc: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M10, M20, M50, M104
Website www.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York Urban center, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.

It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as 1 of the largest and most influential museums of modern art in the world.[2] MoMA'due south collection offers an overview of modern and contemporary art, including works of compages and pattern, cartoon, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and artist's books, picture, and electronic media.[3]

The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than than ane,000 periodical titles, and more than 40,000 files of ephemera about individual artists and groups.[four] The athenaeum hold principal source textile related to the history of modernistic and contemporary art.[5]

Information technology attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drib of lx-five pct from 2019, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic. It ranked twenty-fifth on the list of most visited art museums in the globe in 2020.[half dozen]

History [edit]

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–1939) [edit]

The thought for the Museum of Modern Fine art was developed in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (wife of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.[7] They became known variously as "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies".[8] [9] They rented pocket-sized quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan,[8] and it opened to the public on November seven, 1929, nine days later on the Wall Street Crash.[x] Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the former president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to become president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modernistic art, and the beginning of its kind in Manhattan to showroom European modernism.[eleven] Ane of Rockefeller'due south early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American photographer Soichi Sunami (at that fourth dimension best known for his portraits of modern dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum every bit its official documentary photographer from 1930 until 1968.[12] [13]

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to bring together him every bit founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, was referred to in those days equally a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a director and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising immature protégé. Under Barr'south guidance, the museum'south holdings quickly expanded from an initial gift of eight prints and one drawing. Its first successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Seurat.[xiv]

First housed in six rooms of galleries and offices on the twelfth floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building,[fifteen] on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 57th Street, the museum moved into iii more temporary locations within the next x years. Abby Rockefeller's husband, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was adamantly opposed to the museum (likewise as to modernistic art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to be obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Notwithstanding, he eventually donated the land for the current site of the museum, plus other gifts over time, and thus became in result one of its greatest benefactors.[16]

During that time the museum initiated many more than exhibitions of noted artists, such as the lone Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November 4, 1935. Containing an unprecedented sixty-half dozen oils and l drawings from the Netherlands, likewise as poignant excerpts from the artist'southward letters, it was a major public success due to Barr'south organization of the showroom, and became "a precursor to the hold van Gogh has to this day on the gimmicky imagination".[17]

53rd Street (1939–present) [edit]

1930s to 1950s [edit]

The museum as well gained international prominence with the hugely successful and at present famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–40, held in conjunction with the Art Institute of Chicago. In its range of presented works, information technology represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for future art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded by Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso every bit the greatest creative person of the time, setting the model for all the museum'southward retrospectives that were to follow.[18] Boy Leading a Horse was briefly contested over buying with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.[xix] In 1941, MoMA hosted the ground-breaking exhibition, "Indian Art of the United States" (curated past Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt), that inverse the way Native American arts were viewed by the public and exhibited in art museums.

The archway to The Museum of Mod Art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected past the lath of trustees to become its president, in 1939, at the age of thirty; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime number instigator and funding source of MoMA's publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His blood brother, David Rockefeller, as well joined the museum'southward board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency, when Nelson was elected Governor of New York, in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted architect Philip Johnson to redesign the museum garden and name it in accolade of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in general accept retained a close association with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (married woman of quondam senator Jay Rockefeller) sit down on the board of trustees.[ citation needed ] Subsequently the Rockefeller Guest House at 242 E 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the business firm until 1964.[twenty] [21]

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time-Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and current home, now renovated, designed in the International Manner past the modernist architects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public on May x, 1939, attended by an illustrious visitor of vi,000 people, and with an opening accost via radio from the White House by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[22]

1958 fire [edit]

On April 15, 1958, a fire on the 2nd flooring destroyed an 18-foot (5.5 m) long Monet Water Lilies painting (the current Monet Water Lilies was caused shortly after the fire as a replacement). The fire started when workmen installing ac were smoking near paint cans, sawdust, and a canvass dropcloth. One worker was killed in the fire and several firefighters were treated for smoke inhalation. Almost of the paintings on the floor had been moved for the construction although large paintings including the Monet were left. Art work on the 3rd and 4th floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Art, which abutted it on the 54th Street side. Amongst the paintings that were moved was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which had been on loan by the Art Found of Chicago. Visitors and employees above the fire were evacuated to the roof and so jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse.[23]

1960–1982 [edit]

In 1969, the MoMA was at the centre of a controversy over its decision to withdraw funding from the iconic anti-war poster And babies. In 1969, the Art Workers Coalition (AWC), a grouping of New York City artists who opposed the Vietnam War, in collaboration with Museum of Modern Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest poster chosen And babies.[24] The poster uses an prototype past photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references the My Lai Massacre. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) had promised to fund and circulate the affiche, simply after seeing the two by 3 pes poster MoMA pulled financing for the project at the concluding minute.[25] [26] MoMA's Board of Trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William S. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hit the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the poster.[25] The poster was included before long thereafter in MoMA's Information exhibition of July 2 to September 20, 1970, curated by Kynaston McShine.[27] Another controversy involved Pablo Picasso'due south painting Boy Leading a Horse (1905–06), donated to MoMA by William Southward. Paley in 1964. The condition of the work as being sold nether duress past its German Jewish owners in the 1930s was in dispute. The descendants of the original owners sued MoMA and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which has another Picasso painting, Le Moulin de la Galette (1900), once endemic by the same family, for render of the works.[28] Both museums reached a confidential settlement with the descendants before the case went to trial and retained their corresponding paintings.[19] [29] [30] Both museums had claimed from the first to be the proper owners of these paintings, and that the claims were illegitimate. In a joint argument the two museums wrote: "we settled simply to avert the costs of prolonged litigation, and to ensure the public continues to accept access to these important paintings."[31]

1980–1999 [edit]

Stairs in the Museum of Modern Fine art

Cross-department of the Museum of Mod Art

In 1983, the Museum more doubled its gallery and increased curatorial department by 30 percent, and added an auditorium, two restaurants and a bookstore in conjunction with the structure of the 56-story Museum Belfry adjoining the museum.[32]

In 1997, the museum undertook a major renovation and expansion designed by Japanese builder Yoshio Taniguchi with Kohn Pedersen Fox. The project, including an increase in MoMA'southward endowment to cover operating expenses, cost $858 million in total. The project near doubled the space for MoMA's exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square feet (59,000 mtwo) of space. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Building on the western portion of the site houses the primary exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Enquiry Edifice provides space for classrooms, auditoriums, instructor training workshops, and the museum's expanded Library and Archives. These two buildings frame the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was enlarged from its original configuration.

21st century [edit]

The museum was closed for two years in connectedness with the renovation and moved its public-facing operations to a temporary facility called MoMA QNS in Long Isle City, Queens. When MoMA reopened in 2004, the renovation was controversial. Some critics idea that Taniguchi'due south design was a fine example of contemporary architecture, while many others were displeased with aspects of the design, such as the flow of the space.[33] [34] [35] In 2005, the museum sold land that it endemic w of its existing building to Hines, a Texas real manor developer, under an agreement that reserved space on the lower levels of the building Hines planned to construct there for a MoMA expansion.[36]

In 2011, MoMA caused an adjacent building constructed and occupied by the American Folk Art Museum on West 53rd Street. The building was a well-regarded construction designed past Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connectedness with a fiscal restructuring of the Folk Art Museum.[37] When MoMA appear that information technology would demolish the building in connection with its expansion, in that location was outcry and considerable discussion about the upshot, but the museum ultimately proceeded with its original plans.[38]

The Hines edifice, designed by Jean Nouvel and called 53W53, received construction blessing in 2014.[39] Around the time of Hines' construction blessing, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which embrace infinite in 53W53, as well as structure on the former site of the American Folk Fine art Museum.[40] The expansion plan was adult by the architecture firm Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. The first phase of construction began in 2014. In June 2017, patrons and the public were welcomed into MoMA to see the completion of the first phase of the $450 million expansion to the museum.[41]

Spread over three floors of the art mecca off Fifth Avenue are fifteen,000 square-feet (about 1,400 square-meters) of reconfigured galleries, a new, 2nd gift shop, a redesigned cafe and espresso bar and, facing the sculpture garden, two lounges graced with black marble quarried in France.[41]

The museum expansion projection increased the publicly accessibly infinite past 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi building was completed in 2004.[42] The expansion allowed for even more of the museum'southward collection of nearly 200,000 works to be displayed.[41] The new spaces also allow visitors to relish a relaxing sit-down in ane of the two new lounges, or even have a fully catered meal.[41] The two new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge".[41] [43] The goal of this renovation is to help expand the drove and display of work past women, Latinos, blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities.[44] In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving abroad from separating the drove past disciplines such equally painting, blueprint and works on paper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the collection.[42]

The Museum of Modern Art airtight for another round of major renovations from June to October 2019.[44] [45] Upon reopening on Oct 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 square anxiety (4,400 m2) of gallery space,[46] and its total floor area was 708,000 square feet (65,800 grandtwo).[47] The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural firm of Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[48] The institution began offer free online classes in April 2014.[49]

Exhibition houses [edit]

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

  • 1949: exhibition firm by Marcel Breuer
  • 1950: exhibition house by Gregory Ain[50]
  • 1955: Japanese Exhibition House by Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA in 1957–58 and known at present as Shofuso Japanese Business firm and Garden
  • 2008: Prefabricated houses planned[51] [52] [53] by:
    • Kieran Timberlake Architects
    • Lawrence Sass
    • Arrangement Architects: Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
    • Leo Kaufmann Architects
    • Richard Horden

Artworks [edit]

Claude Monet, Reflections of Clouds on the Water-Lily Pond, c.1920

Considered by many to have the all-time collection of modern Western masterpieces in the earth, MoMA's holdings include more than than 150,000 individual pieces in add-on to approximately 22,000 films and iv million motion picture stills. (Access to the collection of film stills ended in 2002, and the drove is mothballed in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania.[54]) The collection houses such important and familiar works as the following:

  • Francis Bacon, Painting (1946)
  • Umberto Boccioni, The Urban center Rises
  • Paul Cézanne, The Bather
  • Marc Chagall, I and the Hamlet
  • Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love
  • Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory
  • Max Ernst, Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale
  • Paul Gauguin, Te aa no areois (The Seed of the Areoi)
  • Albert Gleizes, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, 1914
  • Jasper Johns, Flag
  • Frida Kahlo, Cocky-Portrait With Cropped Hair
  • Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl
  • René Magritte, The Empire of Lights
  • René Magritte, False Mirror
  • Kazimir Malevich, White on White 1918
  • Henri Matisse, The Trip the light fantastic
  • Jean Metzinger, Landscape, 1912–1914
  • Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie
  • Claude Monet, H2o Lilies triptych
  • Barnett Newman, Cleaved Obelisk
  • Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic and Sublime)
  • Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
  • Jackson Pollock, One: Number 31, 1950
  • Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910
  • Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
  • Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Dark
  • Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
  • Andrew Wyeth, Christina's World

Selected collection highlights [edit]

Information technology also holds works by a broad range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Aristide Maillol, Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, René Magritte, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, David Smith, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and hundreds of others.

MoMA adult a earth-renowned art photography collection starting time under Edward Steichen (1947–1961) and then nether Steichen's paw-picked successor John Szarkowski (1962–1991), which included photos by Todd Webb.[55] The department was founded by Beaumont Newhall in 1940.[56] Under Szarkowski, it focused on a more traditionally modernist approach to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques.

Film [edit]

In 1932, museum founder Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the just peachy fine art form peculiar to the twentieth century" to "the American public which should appreciate good films and support them". Museum Trustee and movie producer John Hay Whitney became the start chairman of the Museum's Film Library from 1935 to 1951. The collection Whitney assembled with the help of movie curator Iris Barry was so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Movement Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the Museum with an award "for its meaning work in collecting films ... and for the first time making available to the public the means of studying the historical and artful evolution of the movement picture equally one of the major arts".[57]

The kickoff curator and founder of the Film Library was Iris Barry, a British movie critic and author, whose three decades of pioneering work in collecting films and presenting them in coherent artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the movie house as the major new art form of our century. Barry and her successors take built a collection comprising some 8 thousand titles today, concentrating on assembling an outstanding collection of the of import works of international flick fine art, with emphasis beingness placed on obtaining the highest-quality materials.[58]

The exiled film scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA film archive on a psychological history of German picture show betwixt 1941 and 1943. The outcome of his study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Picture (1947), traces the nativity of Nazism from the movie theater of the Weimar Republic and helped lay the foundation of modern movie criticism.

Under the Museum of Modern Art Department of Pic, the film collection includes more than than 25,000 titles and ranks as one of the world'southward finest museum archives of international film art. The department owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, but its holdings also contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol'due south 8-hour Empire, Fred Halsted'due south gay pornographic L.A. Plays Itself (screened before a capacity audition on Apr 23, 1974), various TV commercials, and Chris Cunningham'southward music video for Björk'southward All Is Full of Love.

Library [edit]

The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Island City, Queens. The non-circulating collection documents modern and contemporary art including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, picture show, performance, and architecture from 1880–present. The collection includes 300,000 books, 1,000 periodicals, and 40,000 files about artists and artistic groups. There are over eleven,000 artist books in the collection.[59] The libraries are open up past engagement to all researchers. The library's itemize is called "Dadabase".[4] Dadabase includes records for all of the material in the library, including books, creative person books, exhibition catalogs, special collections materials, and electronic resources.[4] The Museum of Modern Art's collection of artist books includes works past Ed Ruscha, Marcel Broodthaers, Susan Bee, Carl Andre, and David Horvitz.[threescore]

Additionally, the library has subscription electronic resources along with Dadabase. These include journal databases (such as JSTOR and Art Total Text), auction results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet), the ARTstor image database, and WorldCat union catalog.[59]

Architecture and design [edit]

MoMA's Department of Architecture and Design was founded in 1932[61] as the offset museum section in the world dedicated to the intersection of architecture and design.[62] The department's starting time director was Philip Johnson who served equally curator between 1932–34 and 1946–54.[63] The side by side departmental caput was Arthur Drexler, who was curator from 1951 to 1956 and then served as head until 1986.[64]

The collection consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings and photographs.[61] Ane of the highlights of the drove is the Mies van der Rohe Archive.[62] Information technology also includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright,[65] [66] [67] [68] Paul László, the Eameses, Betty Cooke, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-aligning ball bearing to an entire Bell 47D1 helicopter. In 2012, the department acquired a selection of 14 video games, the basis of an intended collection of 40 that is to range from Pac-Human (1980) to Minecraft (2011).[69]

Management [edit]

Omnipresence [edit]

MoMA attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of sixty-five percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked twenty-fifth on the List of well-nigh visited art museums in the world in 2020.[6]

MoMA has seen its average number of visitors rising from almost 1.v 1000000 a year to 2.five million after its new granite and glass renovation. In 2009, the museum reported 119,000 members and 2.8 million visitors over the previous financial twelvemonth. MoMA attracted its highest-e'er number of visitors, 3.09 1000000, during its 2010 fiscal year;[70] yet, attendance dropped xi pct to 2.eight meg in 2011.[71] Attendance in 2016 was 2.viii million, down from 3.1 million in 2015.[72]

The museum was open up every day since its founding in 1929, until 1975, when it closed one mean solar day a week (originally Wednesdays) to reduce operating expenses. In 2012, it again opened every day, including Tuesday, the one day it has traditionally been closed.[73]

Admission [edit]

The Museum of Modern Art charges an admission fee of $25 per adult.[74] Upon MoMA's reopening, its admission cost increased from $12 to $20, making it one of the most expensive museums in the metropolis. Withal, it has complimentary entry on Fridays subsequently five:30pm, as office of the Uniqlo Costless Friday Nights program. Many New York area college students besides receive free admission to the museum.[75]

Finances [edit]

A private not-profit system, MoMA is the seventh-largest U.S. museum by budget;[76] its annual acquirement is near $145 1000000 (none of which is profit). In 2011, the museum reported net assets (basically, a total of all the resources information technology has on its books, except the value of the art) of just over $1 billion.

Dissimilar about museums, the museum eschews authorities funding, instead subsisting on a fragmented budget with a half-dozen dissimilar sources of income, none larger than a fifth.[77] Before the economic crisis of belatedly 2008, the MoMA's board of trustees decided to sell its equities in lodge to movement into an all-cash position. An $858 million capital entrada funded the 2002–04 expansion, with David Rockefeller donating $77 million in cash.[76] In 2005, Rockefeller pledged an additional $100 million toward the museum's endowment.[78] In 2011, Moody'due south Investors Service, a bail rating agency, rated $57 million worth of new debt in 2010 with a positive outlook and echoed their Aa2 bond credit rating for the underlying establishment. The bureau noted that MoMA has "superior financial flexibility with over $332 meg of unrestricted fiscal resources", and has had solid attendance and record sales at its retail outlets around the city and online. Some of the challenges that Moody'southward noted were the reliance that the museum has on the tourist industry in New York for its operating revenue, and a large amount of debt. The museum at the time had a 2.4 debt-to-operating revenues ratio, just it was also noted that MoMA intended to retire $370 million worth of debt in the next few years. Standard & Poor'southward raised its long-term rating for the museum as it benefited from the fundraising of its trustees.[79] Later on structure expenses for the new galleries are covered, the Modern estimates that some $65 million will go to its $650 million endowment.

MoMA spent $32 one thousand thousand to acquire art for the fiscal year ending in June 2012.[80]

MoMA employed about 815 people in 2007.[77] The museum's revenue enhancement filings from the by few years suggest a shift amid the highest paid employees from curatorial staff to direction.[81] The museum's director Glenn D. Lowry earned $one.half-dozen meg in 2009[82] and lives in a hire-free $six million apartment above the museum.[83]

MoMA was forced to close in March 2020 during the COVID-xix pandemic in New York City.[84] Citing the coronavirus shutdown, MoMA fired its art educators in April 2020.[85] In May 2020, information technology was reported that MoMA would reduce its almanac upkeep from $180 to $135 million starting July ane. Exhibition and publication funding was cutting by half, and staff reduced from around 960 to 800.[84]

Primal people [edit]

Officers and the board of trustees [edit]

Currently, the lath of trustees includes 46 trustees and xv life trustees. Even including the lath'south 14 "honorary" trustees, who exercise not have voting rights and do non play every bit direct a office in the museum, this amounts to an average individual contribution of more than $7 meg.[81] The Founders Wall was created in 2004, when MoMA's expansion was completed, and features the names of actual founders in addition to those who gave significant gifts; near a half-dozen names accept been added since 2004. For instance, Ileana Sonnabend'southward name was added in 2012, even though she was only fifteen when the museum was established in 1929.[86]

Lath of trustees [edit]

Board of trustees:

  • Wallis Annenberg
  • Sid R. Bass
  • Lawrence B. Benenson
  • Leon D. Black
  • Clarissa Alcock Bronfman
  • Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
  • Edith Cooper
  • Paula Crown
  • David Dechman
  • Anne Dias-Griffin
  • Glenn Dubin
  • John Elkann
  • Laurence D. Fink
  • Kathleen Fuld
  • Howard Gardner
  • Mimi Haas
  • Alexandra A. Herzan
  • Marlene Hess
  • Jill Kraus
  • Marie-Josée Kravis
  • Ronald South. Lauder
  • Thomas H. Lee
  • Michael Lynne
  • Khalil Gibran Muhammad
  • Philip S. Niarchos
  • James G. Niven
  • Peter Norton
  • Maja Oeri
  • Michael S. Ovitz
  • David Rockefeller Jr.
  • Sharon Percy Rockefeller
  • Richard Eastward. Salomon
  • Marcus Samuelsson
  • Anna Marie Shapiro
  • Anna Deavere Smith
  • Jerry I. Speyer
  • Ricardo Steinbruch
  • Daniel Sundheim
  • Alice 1000. Tisch
  • Edgar Wachenheim III
  • Gary Winnick

Directors [edit]

  • Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1929–1943)
  • No manager (1943–1949; the chore was handled by the chairman of the museum's coordination committee and the director of the Curatorial Section)[87] [88]
  • Rene d'Harnoncourt (1949–1968)
  • Bates Lowry (1968–1969)
  • John Brantley Hightower (1970–1972)
  • Richard Oldenburg (1972–1995)
  • Glenn D. Lowry (1995–nowadays)

Chief curators [edit]

  • Philip Johnson, chief curator of architecture and pattern (1932–1934 and 1946–1954)
  • Arthur Drexler, chief curator of compages and blueprint (1951–1956)
  • Peter Galassi, main curator of photography (1991–2011)[56] [89]
  • Cornelia Butler, main curator of drawings (2006–2013)
  • Barry Bergdoll, chief curator of architecture and pattern (2007–2013)
  • Rajendra Roy, main curator of motion picture (2007–present)
  • Ann Temkin, master curator of painting and sculpture (2008–present)[90]
  • Klaus Biesenbach, director of MoMA PS1 and master curator at big (2009–2018)
  • Sabine Breitwieser, chief curator of media and functioning art (2010–2013)
  • Christophe Cherix, primary curator of prints and illustrated books (2010–2013), drawings and prints (2013–present)
  • Paola Antonelli, director of research and evolution and senior curator of architecture and design (2012–nowadays)
  • Quentin Bajac, chief curator of photography (2012–2018)
  • Stuart Comer, chief curator of media and performance art (2014–present)
  • Martino Stierli, chief curator of compages and design (2015–present)

Controversy [edit]

Women Artists Visibility Result (W.A.5.E.) [edit]

On June 14, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Event (W.A.V.East.), a sit-in of 400 women artists, was held in front of the newly renovated Museum of Modern Art to protest the lack of female representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; just xiv of which those were women.[91] [92]

Fine art repatriation problems [edit]

The MoMA has been involved in several claims initiated past families for artworks lost in the Holocaust which ended up in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art.[93]

In 2009, the heirs of German artist George Grosz filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of three works by Grosz, and the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit demanding the return of the painting by Pablo Picasso, entitled Boy Leading a Equus caballus (1905–1906).[94] [95] [96]

In another case, later a decade long courtroom fight, in 2015 the MoMA returned a painting entitled Sand Hills by German artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner to the Fischer family unit because information technology had been stolen by Nazis.[97]

Strike MoMA [edit]

Strike MoMA is a 2021 movement to strike the museum targeting what its supporters accept chosen the "toxic philanthropy" of the museum'southward leadership.[98] [99]

See too [edit]

  • List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
  • List of almost-visited museums in the U.s.a.
  • Dorothy Canning Miller
  • Sam Hunter
  • Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
  • Talk to Me (exhibition)
  • The Family of Man exhibit (1955)
  • WikiProject MoMA

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ The Fine art Newspaper, Listing of most-visited museums in 2020, March 31, 2021
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  3. ^ Museum of Mod Fine art – New York Art World Archived Feb 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
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Sources [edit]

  • Allan, Kenneth R. "Understanding Information", in Conceptual Art: Theory, Myth, and Practice. Ed. Michael Corris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. pp. 144–168.
  • Barr, Alfred H; Sandler, Irving; Newman, Amy (January 1, 1986). Defining modern art: selected writings of Alfred H. Barr, Jr . New York: Abrams. ISBN0810907151.
  • Bee, Harriet S. and Michelle Elligott. Art in Our Time. A Chronicle of the Museum of Modern Art, New York 2004, ISBN 0-87070-001-iv.
  • Fitzgerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Cosmos of the Market place for Twentieth-Century Fine art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
  • Geiger, Stephan. The Art of Assemblage. The Museum of Modern Art, 1961. Die neue Realität der Kunst in den frühen sechziger Jahren, (Diss. University Bonn 2005), München 2008, ISBN 978-iii-88960-098-1.
  • Harr, John Ensor and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner'due south Sons, 1988.
  • Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family unit. New York: Random House, 1993.
  • Lynes, Russell, Good Onetime Modern: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Mod Art, New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
  • Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908–1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
  • Rockefeller, David (2003). Memoirs. New York: Random House. ISBN978-0812969733.
  • Schulze, Franz (June xv, 1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Work. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0226740584.
  • Staniszewski, Mary Anne (1998). The Power of Display. A History of Exhibition Installations at the Museum of Modernistic Art. MIT Press. ISBN978-0262194020.
  • Wilson, Kristina (2009). The Modern Eye: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Fine art of the Exhibition, 1925–1934. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0300149166.
  • Lowry, Glenn D. (2009). The Museum of Modern Fine art in this Century. Museum of Modern Fine art. ISBN978-0870707643.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • MoMA Exhibition History Listing (1929–Present)
  • MoMA Audio
  • MoMA'south YouTube Aqueduct
  • MoMA's complimentary online courses on Coursera
  • MoMA Learning
  • MoMA Magazine
  • Jeffers, Wendy (Nov 2004). "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modern". Mag Antiques. 166 (55): 118. 14873617. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved Jan 28, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
  • " MoMA to Shut, Then Open Doors to a More Expansive View of Art" New York Times, 2019

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art

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